Abstract This study aims to report the occurrence of two important parasites in farmed tambaqui Colossoma macropomum in the state of Tocantins, the acanthocephalan Neoechinorhynchus buttnerae and the dinoflagellate protozoan Piscinoodinium pillulare, also suggesting the main treatments to control them. The fish sampled for the study were infected by N. buttnerae, and P. pillulare, with prevalence from 100% and mean intensity from 51.4 to 354,264, respectively. This was the first report on the occurrence of such parasites in C. macropomum in the state of Tocantins. We emphasize the need to adopt good farm management and biosecurity practices to prevent pathogenic agents to enter or leave a property. Reported treatments with synthetic and natural products with positive results are also suggested to treat against those parasites in farmed C. macropomum.

Resumo Este estudo teve como objetivo relatar a ocorrência de dois importantes parasitos em tambaqui Colossoma macropomum cultivado no estado de Tocantins, o acantocéfalo Neoechinorhynchus buttnerae e o protozoário dinoflagelado Piscinoodinium pillulare e também destacar os principais tratamentos para controlá-los. Os peixes examinados estavam infectados por N. buttnerae e P. pillulare, com prevalência de 100% e intensidade média de 51,4 a 354.264,4, respectivamente. Este foi o primeiro relato da ocorrência desses parasitos para C. macropomum no estado de Tocantins. Destaca-se a necessidade da adoção de boas práticas de manejo na produção e de manejo sanitário, para evitar a contaminação da propriedade e a transmissão para pisciculturas vizinhas. Em relação ao controle dessas parasitoses são apresentados os tratamentos com resultados positivos para C. macropomum, com o uso de produtos sintéticos e naturais.

Abstract An increasing number of systematic reviews (SR) has investigated the association between dental caries and nutritional status in children and adolescents, thus requiring an overview to compile the information in a single piece of evidence. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate and summarize evidence from published SR on the association between dental caries and nutritional status in children and adolescents. A wide search was conducted on May 29, 2023, in six databases (Medline via PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane library, Embase, and the Virtual Health Library – VHL). An additional search was performed in the gray literature (Open grey and Google Scholar), SR registration databases, and the list of references of the included SR. Our inclusion criteria were based on acronym PECOS. Overall, two reviewers independently extracted the data, evaluated the risk of bias (ROBIS), and assessed the quality of the chosen studies (AMSTAR-2). Data from the included meta-analysis were summarized and certainty of evidence using the GRADE approach was performed. After removing duplicates and applying our eligibility criteria, 19 SR from 2006-2022 were included. We found that 17 SR showed high risk of bias and critically low methodological quality. We observed an association between dental caries experiences and nutritional status since seven SR found an association between obesity/overweight and dental caries; one, an association between underweight and dental caries; and eleven, no associations. The meta-analysis showed divergent results according to the study designs, used indices, and participants’ age group, and were scored as having a very low certainty of evidence. Therefore, based on the high risk of bias, low methodological quality, and very low certainty of evidence of the chosen SR, most studies found no association between children and adolescents’ nutritional status and dental caries experience.

O Cerrado brasileiro possui uma riqueza de espécies frutíferas que ainda não foram suficientemente estudadas em relação às suas características físicas, químicas e funcionais. O presente estudo teve o objetivo de mensurar as características físicas de frutos de gabirobeira e analisar a composição centesimal e de minerais, o teor de compostos fenólicos totais e a atividade antioxidante da polpa e do resíduo de gabiroba. As características físicas de maior variabilidade foram massa da polpa e do fruto, destacando-se o elevado rendimento de polpa (46,24%). A polpa e o resíduo de gabiroba contêm altos teores de umidade e fibra alimentar e quantidades consideráveis de ferro. O resíduo de gabiroba apresentou maior conteúdo de compostos fenólicos (1.787,65 mg AGE.100g-1) e atividade antioxidante (197,13 µmol TE.g-1) em relação à polpa. Contudo, os valores constatados na polpa de gabiroba (1.222,59 mg AGE.100g-1 e 107,96 µmol TE.g-1, respectivamente) são superiores aos de muitos frutos consumidos tradicionalmente. O teor de fenólicos totais apresentou forte correlação (r= 0,9723) com a atividade antioxidante. Os resultados indicam perspectivas promissoras para o aproveitamento integral do fruto da gabirobeira, visto seu conteúdo apreciável de nutrientes e de compostos fenólicos, e sua elevada atividade antioxidante.

The Brazilian Cerrado has a wide range of fruit species that have not been sufficiently studied regarding their physical, chemical and functional characteristics. This study aimed to measure the physical characteristics of gabiroba tree's fruits and analyze the proximate and mineral compositions, total phenolic content and antioxidant activity of the gabiroba pulp and residue. The physical characteristics of greatest variability were pulp and fruit mass, especially the high pulp yield (46.24%). Gabiroba pulp and residue have high moisture and dietary fiber contents and considerable iron amounts. The gabiroba residue showed higher content of phenolic compounds (1787.65 mg AGE.100g-1) and antioxidant activity (197.13 µmol TE.g-1) than the pulp. However, the values observed in the gabiroba pulp (1222.59 mg AGE.100g-1 and 107.96 µmol TE.g-1, respectively) are higher than those of many fruits traditionally consumed. The total phenolic content showed a strong correlation (r = 0.9723) with antioxidant activity. The results indicate promising prospects for the use of the whole fruit of gabiroba tree due to its appreciable content of nutrients and phenolic compounds, and its antioxidant activity.